树科技兴竹大样板 促竹业经济大发展——参观学习安吉毛竹现代科技园区的启示

经参观学习中国安吉毛竹现代科技园区和黄山区省级毛竹科技示范园区的情况,得出"建设毛竹科技园区,能充分地展示毛竹林可持续丰产经营管理组装技术和经营整体效益,对推动竹业科技进步、发展竹业经济有着十分重要的现实意义。"等6点启示,提出"建毛竹科技示范园,促竹业经济大发展"、"优化竹林结构,提高竹林质量与生产力"、"开发冬笋林,增加竹农收入"和"大力开发竹山道路,提高竹山道路密度"的建议。     

Integrity and isolation of Costa Rica's national parks and biological reserves: examining the dynamics of land-cover change

The transformation and degradation of tropical forest is thought to be the primary driving force in the loss of biodiversity worldwide. Developing countries are trying to counter act this massive lost of biodiversity by implementing national parks and biological reserves. Costa Rica is no exception to this rule. National development strategies in Costa Rica, since the early 1970s, have involved the creation of several National Parks and Biological Reserves. This has led to monitoring the integrity of and interactions between these protected areas. Key questions include: “Are these areas' boundaries respected?”; “Do they create a functioning network?”; and “Are they effective conservation tools?”. This paper quantifies deforestation and secondary growth trends within and around protected areas between 1960 and 1997. We find that inside of national parks and biological reserves, deforestation rates were negligible. For areas outside of National Parks and Biological reserves we report that for 1-km buffer zones around such protected areas, there is a net forest gain for the 1987/1997 time period. Thus, it appears that to this point the boundaries of protected areas are respected. However, in the 10-km buffer zones we find significant forest loss for all study periods. This suggests that increasing isolation of protected areas may prevent them from functioning as an effective network.     

蔷薇科植物在杭州园林绿地中的应用分析

通过对杭州园林绿地中蔷薇科植物应用情况的调查，分析了蔷薇科植物在杭州园林绿地中的应用效果，提出了如何更好地在园林绿地中应用蔷薇科植物。     

广州市城市公园板根树种地理成分及其景观应用分析

通过对广州市12个城市公园的板根树种进行实地调查,对其科属组成、地理成分进行统计分析,并对板根树种景观应用的特点进行归纳总结。结果显示,广州公园中应用的板根树种共有65种,隶属26科47属,其中桑科、桃金娘科和苏木科的种类最多;应用频率较高的有榕树Ficus microcarpa、木棉Bombaxceiba、黄葛树Ficus virens、木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia等;板根树种的科属地理成分组成中,热带成分的科有 18 科,属有38个,分别占总科数和总属数的90%和88.37%,表现出显著的热带性;板根树种以孤植和群植为主,树木板根区域土壤浅薄贫瘠,公园常应用沿阶草Ophiopogon bodinieri、吊竹梅Tradescantia zebrina、花叶冷水花Pilea cadierei等生势强健且耐荫的地被进行覆盖造景。     

观光农业园景观规划探析

调查了多个观光农业园和参考相关的研究资料,分析了观光农业园的景观特质和目前观光农业园建设中存在的问题,确定了观光农业园景观规划基本方法、原则以及景观分区。观光农业园是一个生态—经济—社会复合生态系统,景观规划对观光农业园的健康发展具有重要的作用。应该采用SWOT(strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,threats)方法确定总体发展方向,采用生态适宜性分析法确定立地功能,采用景观生态格局分析法确定景观结构。遵循适用的景观规划原则,景观分区应立足于可持续发展目标并突出自身特色。图1表1参21     

How did the COVID-19 pandemic impact urban green spaces? A multi-scale assessment of Jeddah megacity (Saudi Arabia)

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a global public health threat. In this crisis period, urban parks provided multiple ecosystem services and direct/indirect benefits to mental and physical health. However, the use patterns, attitudes, and perceptions of urban park visitors remained unexplored in Saudi cities. This study aimed to find out the use patterns, attitudes, and perceptions of people regarding urban parks during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the findings were compared with non-pandemic periods. Two urban parks (Al Masarah Garden and Al Jamaa Garden) in Jeddah megacity (Saudi Arabia) were assessed, and 215 respondents were surveyed to fulfil the objectives of the study. The study applied a questionnaire survey and field observations to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use patterns, attitudes, and perceptions of urban park visitors. Non-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests) were performed to find out the impact of sociodemographic factors (such as age, gender, and education). From the results, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on the use, attitudes, and perceptions of urban parks in comparison with non-pandemic periods. The number of park visitors decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but urban parks were crucial to people’s mental and physical well-being. The findings of this study may help to understand the importance of urban parks as green spaces and to implement measures to enhance the quality and quantity of urban green spaces in Saudi cities.     

Between Big Ideas and Daily Realities – The roles and perspectives of Danish municipal green space managers on public involvement in green space maintenance

Public involvement (PI) in green space maintenance activities has increased during the past decades. The various (potential) benefits of PI have been recognised. Denmark, however, has no established tradition for such activities, despite its well-established tradition of volunteering. Local authorities have traditionally been the sovereign entity within public green space management, reflecting a hierarchical mode of governance. Yet, an increased call for new forms of local democracy and for new governance modes has resulted in growing attention for PI practices. Hence more knowledge is needed, for example on ongoing changes in governance arrangements regarding municipal green space.This paper thus aims to gain insight into (a) current governance arrangements with respect to municipal green space maintenance as well as temporal changes in these and (b) the consequences of the former for governmental actors and municipal managers in particular. An analytical framework based on governance theory and the Policy Arrangement Approach was developed to meet these aims. Data was collected by means of selected semi-structured interviews with green space managers from ten Danish municipalities.Findings show that green space PI occurred in all ten municipalities and thus that governance arrangements had started to include non-government actors, signalling a possible shift to co-governance from more common hierarchical governance modes. Green space managers felt themselves often ill-prepared for new governance arrangements and PI, e.g. in terms of lack of training and expertise. They based themselves strongly on their own experiences and preferences. More responsibility had been allocated to citizens, but often only to a select group of those who were already organised and/or had good connections with local authorities (i.e. closed co-governance). Green space managers listed a number of benefits of PI, generally adhering to the prevailing discourse of more co-governance. However, they also noted a number of challenges, including discrepancies between current maintenance practices and more PI. These, as well as a wider understanding of changing governance arrangements in green space management and maintenance, need to be addressed in future research.     

试论儿童公园分区规划及内容设置

儿童公园属于城市公园中的专类公园。目前国内对儿童公园的分区规划尚未形成明确的共识。文章针对国内一些城市即将开展多个综合性儿童公园建设的情况,归纳并讨论在较完善的综合性儿童公园体系下,全市性、区域性和社区性儿童公园应如何按照儿童不同年龄段要求合理地进行分区规划及设置内容,并提出相关的参考建议。     

上海市公园绿地群落的“近自然性”初探

文章通过对上海市区内比较有代表性的三座公园绿地:延中绿地、世纪公园和上海植物园的植物群落组成的区系成份的分析对城市绿地公园人工植物群落的"近自然性"进行了尝试性的研究,并运用经典的相似性系数法对结果进行了评估。结果显示,世纪公园的群落组成最接近自然群落,上海植物园次之,延中绿地最差。总体来讲,上海城市公园绿地对于乡土植物的保护和利用尚有待提高。